?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????, ??? (?? ?????.) ? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???. ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ? ?? ??????. ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ? ????. ???? ???? ??? ????? ??,

?, ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ? ????. [27] They were publishing newspaper content articles advocating for Vietnamese independence under the pseudonym Nguy?n Ái Qu?c ("Nguy?n the Patriot") before Thành's arrival in Paris.[28] The group petitioned for recognition of the civil legal rights of the Vietnamese people in French Indochina for